PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is one of two main divisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Its general action is to mobilize the body’s fight-or-flight response.

Detailed explanation-2: -In the heart (beta-1, beta-2), sympathetic activation causes an increased heart rate, the force of contraction, and rate of conduction, allowing for increased cardiac output to supply the body with oxygenated blood.

Detailed explanation-3: -The sympathetic nervous system helps the body respond quickly to mobilize resources during times of stress; this emergency response is often described as the fight-or-flight response. The parasympathetic nervous system works to calm the body and conserve energy, including the freeze response.