PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -These vital mechanisms are controlled by one of the brain’s most durable parts–the brain stem. The brain stem is an automatic control center for many such important involuntary actions of the body. And, it is a pathway for impulses travelling back and forth between the body and the rest of the brain.

Detailed explanation-2: -Involuntary actions are those action that controlled by medulla oblongata which is a part of the autonomous nervous system where as voluntary actions are controlled by the cerebellum. The medulla oblongata directly controls heartbeat, blood pressure, breathing and digestion.