PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Membrane potential describes the difference in electrical charge across a membrane. This is brought by the difference in ion concentration between the inside and outside as per the separation by the membrane.

Detailed explanation-2: -An action potential, also called a nerve impulse, is an electrical charge that travels along the membrane of a neuron. It can be generated when a neuron’s membrane potential is changed by chemical signals from a nearby cell.

Detailed explanation-3: -Hyperpolarization is when the membrane potential becomes more negative at a particular spot on the neuron’s membrane, while depolarization is when the membrane potential becomes less negative (more positive).