PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Photoreceptors are polarized neurons with a specialized morphology optimized to detect light stimuli. The outer segments of both rods and cones are modified sensory cilia, containing membrane disks organized in a stack.

Detailed explanation-2: -The sensory neurons that initiate olfaction and vision are olfactory sensory neurons (OSN), also referred to as olfactory receptor neurons (ORN), and photoreceptors (PR).

Detailed explanation-3: -The deepest layer of neurons processes the light first. These neurons are the photoreceptors, the only cells in the retina that can convert light into nerve impulses. The photoreceptor layer then transmits these impulses to the bipolar neurons in the second layer and on to the ganglion neurons in the third layer.