PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Contraction of the diaphragm expands the abdomen and the lower part of the rib cage (abdominal rib cage). The rib cage muscles, including the intercostals, the parasternals, the scalene and the neck muscles, mostly act on the upper part of the rib cage (pulmonary rib cage) and are both inspiratory and expiratory.

Detailed explanation-2: -The diaphragm is attached to the base of the sternum, the lower parts of the rib cage, and the spine. As the diaphragm contracts, it increases the length and diameter of the chest cavity and thus expands the lungs. The intercostal muscles and neck muscles help move the rib cage and thus assist in breathing.

Detailed explanation-3: -The movement of the rib cage is controlled by the intercostal muscles, and the diaphragm is a skeletal muscle. During inspiration the diaphragm and the external intercostal muscles contract, causing an increase in the thoracic cavity volume.