PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Upon inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and flattens and the chest cavity enlarges. This contraction creates a vacuum, which pulls air into the lungs. Upon exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes and returns to its domelike shape, and air is forced out of the lungs.

Detailed explanation-2: -During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and moves downwards. This increases the space in your chest cavity into which the lungs expand. The intercostal muscles between the ribs also help in enlarging the chest cavity. Whereas during exhalation the diaphragm relaxes and moves upwards into the chest cavity.

Detailed explanation-3: -Final answer: During exhalation, the ribs move downwards.

Detailed explanation-4: -During inhalation, the diaphragm flattens and the ribs move upwards and outwards due to contraction of the intercostal muscles.