PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Effects of Mutations A single mutation can have a large effect, but in many cases, evolutionary change is based on the accumulation of many mutations with small effects. Mutational effects can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral, depending on their context or location. Most non-neutral mutations are deleterious.

Detailed explanation-2: -Environmental Factors Interact with Genes Environmental factors often influence traits independently of genes. But not always. Sometimes the environment changes a gene-either its DNA sequence or its activity level. Either of these effects can change the proteins that are made from a gene, which in turn affects traits.