PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Normally, the vessels that supply blood to the skin constrict or narrow in response to cold temperatures. This reaction, called “vasoconstriction, ‘’ decreases blood flow to the skin, which helps to minimize heat loss from the warm blood and therefore preserve a normal internal or “core” temperature.

Detailed explanation-2: -Cold water immersion causes peripheral vasoconstriction that results in a central pooling of blood, followed by peripheral vasodilation immediately after emerging from the cold water. This mechanism may improve the rate at which muscles become reoxygenated.

Detailed explanation-3: -Exposure to cold stimulates cold receptors of the skin which causes cold thermal sensations and stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. Sympathetic stimulation causes vasoconstriction in skin, arms and legs.