PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Epidermal melanin pigment is believed to prevent development of ultraviolet (UV)-induced skin cancer by shielding cell nuclei and reducing DNA damage formation.

Detailed explanation-2: -The outer layer of the skin has cells that contain the pigment melanin. Melanin protects skin from the sun’s ultraviolet rays. These can burn the skin and reduce its elasticity, leading to premature aging. People tan because sunlight causes the skin to produce more melanin and darken.

Detailed explanation-3: -Melanin protects the skin against DNA damage induced by direct absorption of sunlight’s UV radiation. Yet, irradiating melanin in vitro or in cultured cells also generates active oxygen species such as superoxide, which can indirectly induce oxidative base lesions and DNA strand breaks.

Detailed explanation-4: -Melanin is a protective pigment in skin, blocking UV radiation from damaging DNA and potentially causing skin cancer.