PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Most clear cell carcinomas (95%) are sporadic, and the remaining 5% are associated with hereditary syndromes (von Hippel-Lindau disease, tuberous sclerosis). Clear cell RCC originates from the proximal convoluted tubules epithelium (renal cortex) e presents a predominantly expansile growth pattern.

Detailed explanation-2: -This classification is based on the Heidelberg classification system, 3 which categorizes RCCs as clear cell, papillary, chromophobe, collecting duct, and unclassified RCC subtypes. Recent studies4, 5 have suggested that stratification by histologic subtype could lend prognostic value.

Detailed explanation-3: -Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a subtype of renal cell carcinoma, a kidney cancer. Its name comes from the cancer cells, which look like clear soap bubbles under a microscope. ccRCC cancer cells rapidly multiply, forming one or more tumors. This cancer typically only affects one kidney but can affect both.