PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The kidneys are bean-shaped organs located in the upper retroperitoneal region of the abdomen. That is, they are located behind the smooth peritoneal lining of the upper part of the abdominal cavity, between it and the posterior body wall. Therefore, they are actually outside the peritoneal cavity.

Detailed explanation-2: -Internally, the kidney has three regions-an outer cortex, a medulla in the middle, and the renal pelvis in the region called the hilum of the kidney. The hilum is the concave part of the bean-shape where blood vessels and nerves enter and exit the kidney; it is also the point of exit for the ureters.

Detailed explanation-3: -The left kidney sits a bit higher in the body because of the size of the liver, which is also on the right side. Muscles in your back and your ribcage protect your kidneys from both the front and the back sides of your body. There is also fat tissue, called perirenal fat, that surrounds the kidneys for protection.