PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Each kidney is held in place by connective tissue, called renal fascia, and is surrounded by a thick layer of adipose tissue, called perirenal fat, which helps to protect it. A tough, fibrous, connective tissue renal capsule closely envelopes each kidney and provides support for the soft tissue that is inside.

Detailed explanation-2: -Osmoregulation involved the concentration and osmotic pressure of blood by regulating the water contents inside the blood plasma. Kidneys excrete a huge amount of hypotonic urine when the water intake is high and excrete a small amount of hypertonic urine when the water is deficient and which needs to be conserved.

Detailed explanation-3: -A special reticular basket-like system of connective tissue strips (called connective tissue skeleton-CTS) was found between the cortex and medulla in the kidney of various mammals. It enlarges the wall of the renal calyx (or pelvis) into the parenchyma. The main component of this system is collagen.