PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Voluntary control of urination is possible only if neural innervation of the bladder and urethra is intact [31]. Occasionally, injury and malfunctioning to any of the supplying nerves causes involuntary emptying of the bladder [27]. This involuntary urination is called incontinence.

Detailed explanation-2: -The Two Urethral Sphincters Maintain Urinary Continence The internal sphincter is involuntary. It surrounds the opening of the bladder to the urethra and relaxes to allow urine to pass. The external sphincter is voluntary. It surrounds the urethra outside the bladder and must be relaxed for urination to occur.

Detailed explanation-3: -At an appropriate time and place, the external urethral sphincter can then be voluntarily relaxed, allowing the passing of urine. A secondary function of the urethral sphincter complex is to prevent retrograde ejaculation of semen into the bladder. In males, semen and urine share the urethra as a passageway.