PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Urine is formed in three main steps-glomerular filtration, reabsorption and secretion. It comprises 95 % water and 5% wastes such as ions of sodium, potassium and calcium, and nitrogenous wastes such as creatinine, urea and ammonia. Osmoregulation is the process of maintaining homeostasis of the body.

Detailed explanation-2: -Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion are the three primary steps in which kidneys filter blood and maintain proper electrolyte balance. Glomerular filtration removes solutes from the blood; it is the first step of urine formation.

Detailed explanation-3: -Urine produced in the kidneys passes through the ureters, collects in the bladder, and is then excreted through the urethra.