PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Human urine is composed primarily of water (95%). The rest is urea (2%), creatinine (0.1%), uric acid (0.03%), chloride, sodium, potassium, sulphate, ammonium, phosphate and other ions and molecules in lesser amounts30 (Table 1).

Detailed explanation-2: -Urine is about 95% water and 5% waste products. Nitrogenous wastes excreted in urine include urea, creatinine, ammonia, and uric acid. Ions such as sodium, potassium, hydrogen, and calcium are also excreted. Urine produced in the kidneys travels down the ureters into the urinary bladder.

Detailed explanation-3: -Normal Results 1.005 to 1.030 (normal specific gravity) 1.001 after drinking excessive amounts of water. More than 1.030 after avoiding fluids.

Detailed explanation-4: -In general, urine is composed of approximately 95% water and 5% waste products, metabolites, proteins, inorganic ions (e.g., sodium, potassium) and other organic molecules (urea, uric acid, carbohydrates). It is a more dilute proteome and metabolome than blood.