PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A cystoplasty (bladder augmentation) is a surgery that makes your bladder larger so you can hold more urine. The procedure takes anywhere from two to six hours. Risks include urinary tract infections and bladder stretching or tearing if you don’t clean your catheters.

Detailed explanation-2: -Bladder augmentation cystoplasty (AC) is used in the adult population for neurogenic bladder dysfunction, as well as for inflammatory conditions such as tuberculosis cystitis that result in a severely contracted bladder, interstitial cystitis, and reconstruction of iatrogenic bladder injury [1].

Detailed explanation-3: -A bladder neck incision (B.N.I.) and a urethrotomy, are operations for men who have a decreased urinary stream and problems passing urine because of a bladder neck stenosis or a urethral stricture.