PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Amino acids may also be metabolized through the liver to form urea, which is then excreted in the urine.

Detailed explanation-2: -For a long time, urea has been considered to have negligible toxicity, in spite of its high absolute concentrations reported in the blood of patients with CRF, because short-term increases in urea concentration have been shown not to affect either acute organ function or acute clinical outcomes (9).

Detailed explanation-3: -The normal range of urea is 2.6 to 6.5 mM in human blood, 6 and can be 50-fold more concentrated with high variation in human urine (daily excretion of 342 ± 67 mmol in 490 to 2690 mL urine).