PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Once your kidneys have less than 10 per cent of function remaining, this is called end-stage kidney disease or kidney failure. If you have kidney failure, you need dialysis or a transplant to stay alive. However, some people choose neither of these treatment options, but opt for supportive or palliative care instead.

Detailed explanation-2: -The kidney receives about 25% of the cardiac output and about 20% of this is filtered at the glomeruli of the kidney. Toxic agents may also be excreted from the blood into the urine by passive diffusion through the kidney tubules and also by active secretion.

Detailed explanation-3: -Your kidneys filter about 200 quarts of fluid every day-enough to fill a large bathtub. During this process, your kidneys remove waste, which leaves your body as urine (pee). Most people pee about two quarts daily. Your body re-uses the other 198 quarts of fluid.