USA HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -The Open Door policy began with the issuance of a circular (diplomatic note) by U.S. Secretary of State John Hay to Great Britain, Germany, France, Italy, Japan, and Russia on September 6, 1899. Hay issued a second circular to the same countries on July 3, 1900.

Detailed explanation-2: -This settlement allowed Austria, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, and Russia all to claim exclusive trading rights with specific areas of China. These areas were referred to as “spheres of influence".

Detailed explanation-3: -In the Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907, Britain and Russia divided Persia (Iran) into spheres of influence, with the Russians gaining recognition for influence over most of northern Iran, and Britain establishing a zone in the Southeast.

Detailed explanation-4: -Each of the following nations developed and established spheres of influence in China after the mid-1800s: France, Britain, Germany, Russia and Japan. For example, in 1860, Russia captured a large portion on Northern China and controlled it as its own ‘sphere of influence’.