USA HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Medicinal plants and plant-based remedies from the Spanish American territories were conveyed around the world at the time: sarsaparilla and cinchona, ipecacuanha and jalap root were almost as much sought after, as much haggled over and as much exported as America’s silver, its emeralds and its tobacco.

Detailed explanation-2: -The exchange introduced a wide range of new calorically rich staple crops to the Old World-namely potatoes, sweet potatoes, maize, and cassava. The primary benefit of the New World staples was that they could be grown in Old World climates that were unsuitable for the cultivation of Old World staples.

Detailed explanation-3: -The massive amounts of gold and silver exported back to Europe greatly enriched the Spanish monarchy and upper class, but drastically hurt the poor and common people of Spain.

Detailed explanation-4: -Christopher Columbus introduced horses, sugar plants, and disease to the New World, while facilitating the introduction of New World commodities like sugar, tobacco, chocolate, and potatoes to the Old World.