USA HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -TL; DR: For reasons beyond human control, rooted deep in the divergent evolutionary histories of the continents, the Columbian Exchange massively benefited the people of Europe and its colonies while bringing catastrophic crumminess to Native Americans.

Detailed explanation-2: -Europeans benefited the most from the Columbian Exchange. During this time, the gold and silver of the Americas was shipped to the coffers of European treasuries, and food items from Africa and the Americas increased the life expectancy of people in Europe. Crops, like tobacco, fueled commerce even more.

Detailed explanation-3: -The effects of the Columbian Exchange were not isolated to the parts of the world most directly participating in the exchange: Europe and the Americas. It also had large, although less direct, impacts on Africa and Asia.

Detailed explanation-4: -The Columbian Exchange caused population growth in Europe by bringing new crops from the Americas and started Europe’s economic shift towards capitalism.

Detailed explanation-5: -The impact was most severe in the Caribbean, where by 1600 Native American populations on most islands had plummeted by more than 99 percent.