USA HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Political factions or parties began to form during the struggle over ratification of the federal Constitution of 1787. Friction between them increased as attention shifted from the creation of a new federal government to the question of how powerful that federal government would be.

Detailed explanation-2: -Beginning in the 1820s, Democratic Republicans in Congress divided over questions about the powers of the federal government, which set the stage for two new political parties.

Detailed explanation-3: -1. Regular electoral competition provides incentives to political parties and leaders. 2. Political parties know that if they raise issues that people want to be raised, their popularity and chances of victory will increase in the next elections.

Detailed explanation-4: -Indian democracy. 1967-69-uneasy transition marked by the emergence of a multi party situation 1969-75-period of new consensus and of increasing inter party conflicts 1975-77 – emergency authoritarian period 1980-89 – new phase of tussle between the congress in the centre and regional Parties in the states.