USA HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -hacienda, in Spanish America, a large landed estate, one of the traditional institutions of rural life.

Detailed explanation-2: -A hacienda is a large ranch or plantation, especially in a Spanish-speaking country.

Detailed explanation-3: -Wolf’s (1955) article on ‘Types of Latin American peasantries’ suggested that ‘haciendas’ were associated with ‘highland’ peasantries living in corporate communities, while ‘plantations’ were associated with ‘lowland’ peasan-tries who lived in ‘open’ communities and produced cash crops for market.

Detailed explanation-4: -With origins in Andalusia, haciendas were variously plantations (perhaps including animals or orchards), mines or factories, with many haciendas combining these activities. The word is derived from Spanish hacer (to make, from Latin facere) and haciendo (making), referring to productive business enterprises.

Detailed explanation-5: -The hacienda system evolved in response to growing domestic and regional markets as well as the distant markets of Spain, as with the case of wheat and sugar. The type of agriculture and its demands on indigenous land and labour depended on the local environment and the productivity of land.