USA HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Pickaxes. Hammers. Chisels. Shovels (for both surface and underground mining).

Detailed explanation-2: -From the days of the salt industry until the 1940s, most coal was loaded using hand tools like picks and shovels. Machines were introduced gradually during the early 1900s, allowing miners to load more coal in less time.

Detailed explanation-3: -Before 1900 coal miners would lie on their back and use a pick to undercut the coal seam. They would then blast the coal, shovel it into a cart, and take it to the head of the mine to be paid by the coal’s tonnage.