USA HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -In these days, it is doubtful that any child may reasonably be expected to succeed in life if he is denied the opportunity of an education. Such an opportunity, where the state has undertaken to provide it, is a right which must be made available to all on equal terms.

Detailed explanation-2: -After the Civil War, Congress adopted a number of measures to protect individual rights from interference by the states. Among them was the Fourteenth Amendment, which prohibits the states from depriving “any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law.”

Detailed explanation-3: -Board of Education, 1954. Today, education is perhaps the most important function of state and local governments. Compulsory [mandatory] school attendance laws and the great expenditures for education both demonstrate our recognition of the importance of education to our democratic society.

Detailed explanation-4: -The court ruled that laws mandating and enforcing racial segregation in public schools were unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools were “separate but equal” in standards.

Detailed explanation-5: -The Topeka Brown case is important because it helped convince the Court that even when physical facilities and other “tangible” factors were equal, segregation still deprived minority children of equal educational opportunities.