USA HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -civil disobedience, also called passive resistance, the refusal to obey the demands or commands of a government or occupying power, without resorting to violence or active measures of opposition; its usual purpose is to force concessions from the government or occupying power.

Detailed explanation-2: -Disobedience means refusal to obey the commands of law. Even if a law is bad on moral grounds, one is expected to obey law (Hobbes). However, natural law theory sanctions disobedience to bad laws (Locke and Rousseau). Thus positivists hold that disobedience to law is not legally valid.

Detailed explanation-3: -Courts have distinguished between two types of civil disobedience: “Indirect civil disobedience involves violating a law which is not, itself, the object of protest, whereas direct civil disobedience involves protesting the existence of a particular law by breaking that law."

Detailed explanation-4: -To claim a right to civil disobedience is to claim that others have a duty to allow the agent to commit the act. Nonetheless it is justifiable to violate an immoral law (and even a moral law provided one is unable to violate the immoral law  but would have been justified in doing so.)

Detailed explanation-5: -Nonviolent Civil Disobedience: A Definition It is a nonviolent action engaged in by an individual who refuses to obey a law for moral or philosophical reasons. The participants in civil disobedience willfully and openly refuse to comply with a law in order to dramatize the issue that they, or the group, find unjust.