USA HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -The total number of deaths directly attributable to the Middle Passage voyage is estimated at up to two million; a broader look at African deaths directly attributable to the institution of slavery from 1500 to 1900 suggests up to four million deaths.

Detailed explanation-2: -43, 600 voyages. 12.5 million Africans forced aboard European and American slave ships. 10.7 million survivors of the Middle Passage disembarked in the New World.

Detailed explanation-3: -As landowners expanded and planted more cotton, they needed a much larger workforce. The upper South was able to profit by selling slaves to harvest the cotton, and thus creating the Second Middle Passage.

Detailed explanation-4: -The conditions on slaver ships were so harsh and unbearable that from thirteen to nineteen percent of Africans died in the Middle Passage. Mortality rates were particularly high during the first few centuries of the trans-Atlantic trade, before shipping technology improved to shorten the length of the overall voyage.

Detailed explanation-5: -Historians estimate that about one million enslaved people were sold and moved around the country between 1808 and the abolition of slavery in 1865. This internal movement of enslaved people is called the Second Middle Passage.