USA HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -The slave trade had devastating effects in Africa. Economic incentives for warlords and tribes to engage in the slave trade promoted an atmosphere of lawlessness and violence. Depopulation and a continuing fear of captivity made economic and agricultural development almost impossible throughout much of western Africa.

Detailed explanation-2: -Furthermore, the Atlantic trade led to the formation of semi-feudal classes in Africa that collaborated with Europeans to sanction the oppression of their own people. These classes came from the African aristocracy and middlemen who facilitated the capture and sale of Africans and made substantial gains from the trade.

Detailed explanation-3: -In total, close to 20 million slaves were taken from the continent (Nunn 2008). According to the best estimates, by 1800 Africa’s population was half of what it would have been, had the slave trades not occurred (Manning 1990). Slaves were captured through kidnappings, raids, and warfare.

Detailed explanation-4: -Consistent with the historic evidence, the data indicate that the effects of the slave trades are through ethnic frac-tionalization, weakened states, and a decline in the quality of domestic institutions.

Detailed explanation-5: -The Atlantic slave trade contributed to the activity of many provision and redistribution markets, and enabled the creation of large fortunes that were invested in highly diverse activities and forms of consumption.