USA HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -The total number of deaths directly attributable to the Middle Passage voyage is estimated at up to two million; a broader look at African deaths directly attributable to the institution of slavery from 1500 to 1900 suggests up to four million deaths.

Detailed explanation-2: -Despite the captain’s desire to keep as many slaves as possible alive, Middle Passage mortality rates were high. Although it’s difficult to determine how many Africans died en route to the new world, it is now believed that between ten and twenty percent of those transported lost their lives.

Detailed explanation-3: -The Underground Railroad Era 1820-1860. Thousands of slaves fled bondage each year in the decades before the Civil War. The most frequent calculation is that around one thousand per year actually escaped. Some runaways sought a brief respite from slavery or simply wanted to reach family and friends.

Detailed explanation-4: -According to the group’s research, more than 12.5 million Africans were carried across the Atlantic on an estimated 40, 000 slave-trading voyages between 1519 and 1865. At least 1.8 million perished under horrendous conditions on the two-month voyage and were thrown overboard.

Detailed explanation-5: -By the end of the Civil War, as many as 40, 000 fugitives from slavery had made their way to Washington.