USA HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Following the March 1979 Islamic Republic referendum, in which 98% of Iranian voters approved the country’s shift to an Islamic republic, the new government began efforts to draft the present-day Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran; Khomeini emerged as the Supreme Leader of Iran in December 1979.

Detailed explanation-2: -The shift from the shah’s pro-urban, elite-centered policies to a pro-rural and pro-poor (populist) approach under the Islamic Republic included expanding infrastructure and basic services-such as electricity and clean water-from cities to the countryside.

Detailed explanation-3: -The Islamic Republic of Iran began with the Iranian Revolution. The first major demonstrations to overthrow Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi began in January 1978. The new theocratic Constitution-whereby Khomeini became Supreme Leader of the country-was approved in December 1979.

Detailed explanation-4: -In 1979, Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was overthrown by an Islamic Revolution in Iran, replacing its millennia-old monarchy with a theocratic republic.