USA HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Held: The Law School’s narrowly tailored use of race in admissions decisions to further a compelling interest in obtaining the educational benefits that flow from a diverse student body is not prohibited by the Equal Protection Clause, Title VI, or § 1981.

Detailed explanation-2: -Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978): Universities can consider race as a factor. In Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, which established the constitutionality of affirmative action programs, the Supreme Court considered a quota system in place at the University of California.

Detailed explanation-3: -Bollinger, 539 U.S. 244 (2003) The Fourteenth Amendment prohibits a public university from using an undergraduate admissions policy in which race is the sole reason behind awarding 20 percent of the minimum points required for admission.

Detailed explanation-4: -The lower court found for Grutter, ruling that the law school’s admissions policy was unconstitutional.