USA HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Who was Voltaire? “Voltaire” is the pen name under which French author-philosopher François-Marie Arouet published a number of books and pamphlets in the 18th century. He was a key figure in the European intellectual movement known as the Enlightenment.

Detailed explanation-2: -The philosophes (French for ‘philosophers’) were the intellectuals of the 18th-century Enlightenment. Few were primarily philosophers; rather, philosophes were public intellectuals who applied reason to the study of many areas of learning, including philosophy, history, science, politics, economics, and social issues.

Detailed explanation-3: -Some of the most important writers of the Enlightenment were the Philosophes of France, especially Voltaire and the political philosopher Montesquieu. Other important Philosophes were the compilers of the Encyclopédie, including Denis Diderot, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Condorcet.

Detailed explanation-4: -Answer and Explanation: Another name for the Enlightenment was ‘The Age of Reason. ‘ In German, the Enlightenment was called Aufklärung, and in French le Siècle des Lumières, which translates to ‘The Century of Lights.

Detailed explanation-5: -Some of the major figures of the Enlightenment included Cesare Beccaria, Denis Diderot, David Hume, Immanuel Kant, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, John Locke, Montesquieu, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Adam Smith, Hugo Grotius, Baruch Spinoza, and Voltaire.