USA HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -The Treaty of Versailles (signed in 1919) and the 1921 London Schedule of Payments required Germany to pay 132 billion gold marks (US$33 billion [all values are contemporary, unless otherwise stated]) in reparations to cover civilian damage caused during the war.

Detailed explanation-2: -The Treaty of Versailles held Germany responsible for starting the war and imposed harsh penalties on the Germans, including loss of territory, massive reparations payments and demilitarization.

Detailed explanation-3: -Germany concluded a variety of treaties with Western and Eastern countries as well as the Jewish Claims Conference and the World Jewish Congress to compensate the victims of the Holocaust. Until 2005 about 63 billion euros (equivalent to approximately 87.9 billion euros in 2022) have been paid to individuals.

Detailed explanation-4: -War reparations are compensation payments made after a war by one side to the other. They are intended to cover damage or injury inflicted during a war.

Detailed explanation-5: -According to Pablo De Grieff, author of “The Handbook of Reparations”, by September 30th 1965, Germany had paid $4.5 billion, which rose to a total of more than $38.6 billion by 2000.