USA HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Lewis. President of the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) from 1920 until 1960 and founding president of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), John Llewellyn Lewis was the dominant voice shaping the labor movement in the 1930s.

Detailed explanation-2: -After a successful coal miners’ strike in 1897, John Mitchell became president (1898–1908) and led the union through a period of rapid growth-despite determined opposition by mine operators. Workers staged another successful strike in 1902. By 1920 the UMWA had gained about 500, 000 members.

Detailed explanation-3: -John Mitchell, who at the age of 28 became president of the United Mine Workers in 1898, hoped to achieve the same kind of success in the anthracite or hard coalfields of Pennsylvania. Anthracite coal at the turn of the century was an unusual business.