USA HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), one of the nation’s most prominent civil rights organizations today, was founded in 1909 by leading black and white Americans concerned with the condition of blacks in the United States.

Detailed explanation-2: -The I.L.D. joined the A.C.L.U., NAACP and others to form the Scottsboro Defense Committee to administer the legal defense. As just one voting member in the group, the I.L.D. ceded its prominent position in the Scottsboro case.

Detailed explanation-3: -Their trials began 12 days after the alleged crime and, despite ample evidence that they were innocent, eight of the nine were found guilty by all-white juries and sentenced to death in the electric chair.

Detailed explanation-4: -The Scottsboro defendants were ultimately saved from execution, but they languished in prison for years. Even after being released, most never fully recovered from their ordeal, and their story has come to be known as ‘an American tragedy.

Detailed explanation-5: -Samuel S. Leibowitz, a New York lawyer, is retained by the ILD to defend the Scottsboro boys. Haywood Patterson’s second trial begins in Decatur before judge James Horton. Haywood Patterson found guilty by jury and sentenced to death in the electric chair.