USA HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Not only did the railroads transport raw materials used in industrial production, such as coal and iron ore, the railroads were also one of the largest consumers of raw materials in their own right. The growth of railroads thus led to growth in other industries, such as timber and coal.

Detailed explanation-2: -Heavier train and fast speed requires higher requirements to withstand stresses, so they are produced from high carbon steel (carbon-0.6 % to 0.8 %, manganese 0.8%-1.3 %, silicon 0.1 %-0.5 %, sulphur and phosphorus0. 03 % maximum each, and aluminum 0.015 % maximum).

Detailed explanation-3: -Railways have helped in the industrialization process of a country by easy transportation of coal and raw-materials at a cheaper rate. As railways require huge capital outlay, they may give rise to monopolies and work against public interest at large.

Detailed explanation-4: -Railroads became a major industry, stimulating other heavy industries such as iron and steel production. These advances in travel and transport helped drive settlement in the western regions of North America and were integral to the nation’s industrialization.

Detailed explanation-5: -Railroads allowed for increasing production in counties that were otherwise underutilizing inputs, or where the value marginal product of inputs (be they labor, capital, or materials) was greater than their marginal cost.