USA HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Commerce means transmission or movement by air, water, telephone, telegraph or any other medium; what is essential for commerce under Article 301 is transportation or transmission and not gain or profit.

Detailed explanation-2: -“Interstate commerce” means trade, traffic, or transportation in the United States-(1) Between a place in a State and a place. outside of such State, including a place.

Detailed explanation-3: -302 empowers Parliament to impose by law such restrictions on the freedom of trade, commerce and intercourse between one state and another, or within any part of the territory of India, as may be required in the public interest.

Detailed explanation-4: -First, Congress may regulate the use of the channels of interstate commerce. Second, Congress can protect instrumentalities of interstate commerce, or persons or things in commerce. Third, congressional authority under the Commerce Clause reaches activities that substantially affect interstate commerce.