USA HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -The Bessemer process allowed steel to be produced without fuel, using the impurities of the iron to create the necessary heat. This drastically reduced the costs of steel production, but raw materials with the required characteristics could be difficult to find.

Detailed explanation-2: -1.1. From a small-scale output of pig-iron, major developments in steel production took place during the second half of the 19th century. The Bessemer process (1855) made it possible to produce steel as ingots.

Detailed explanation-3: -Though named after Sir Henry Bessemer of England, the process evolved from the contributions of many investigators before it could be used on a broad commercial basis. It was apparently conceived independently and almost concurrently by Bessemer and by William Kelly of the United States.

Detailed explanation-4: -The Bessemer process greatly reduced the cost of producing steel. Steel, which is lighter and stronger than iron, became an important material as America industrialized. It was used extensively in rails, bridges, and skyscrapers.