USA HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Two major advances came forward that improved braking on trains and dramatically improved safety and efficiency of train movements and led to other advances in technology for safety and in greater throughput of trains due to improving headways.

Detailed explanation-2: -By providing cheaper and faster freight delivery, the railroads helped create a new national market. While the completion of the transcontinental railroad paved the way for exponential growth in the population and economy of the West and the nation, it also caused significant harm to many people.

Detailed explanation-3: -John Stevens is considered to be the father of American railroads. In 1826 Stevens demonstrated the feasibility of steam locomotion on a circular experimental track constructed on his estate in Hoboken, New Jersey, three years before George Stephenson perfected a practical steam locomotive in England.

Detailed explanation-4: -Inventions such as car couplers, air brakes, and Pullman passenger cars allowed the volume of both freight and people to increase steadily. From 1877 to 1890, both the amount of goods and the number of passengers traveling the rails tripled.