USA HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Moderation of the spoils system at the federal level with the passage of the Pendleton Act in 1883, which created a bipartisan Civil Service Commission to evaluate job candidates on a nonpartisan merit basis.

Detailed explanation-2: -The Civil Service Commission is an unbiased, independent body that hears and rules on appeals filed by State, county and municipal civil service employees, candidates for employment, and appointing authorities. The CSC provides a forum for appeals to be heard, and fair and impartial decisions to be rendered.

Detailed explanation-3: -The merit system is the process of promoting and hiring government employees based on their ability to perform a job, rather than on their political connections. It is the opposite of the spoils system.

Detailed explanation-4: -The Pendleton Act of 1883 replaced the political patronage system that had existed until that time with a merit-based system for filling most civil service positions.

Detailed explanation-5: -Merit System Principle Treat employees and applicants fairly and equitably, with proper regard for their privacy and constitutional rights. Provide equal pay for work of equal value and recognize excellent performance. Maintain high standards of integrity, conduct, and concern for the public interest.