USA HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Horizontal integration’s control over one process during production means that a company has established a dominance in the manufacturing, selling and distribution, or even the production of raw materials. If a company owns every bit of a production process then it is known as a horizontal monopoly.

Detailed explanation-2: -Monopolies can be of several kinds like simple, pure, natural, legal, and public.

Detailed explanation-3: -Horizontal integration enabled Rockefeller to gain tremendous control over the oil industry and use that power to influence vendors and competitors. For example, he could pressure railroads into giving him lower rates because of the volume of his products.

Detailed explanation-4: -Facebook and Instagram. One of the most definitive examples of horizontal integration was the acquisition of Instagram by Facebook (now Meta) in 2012 for a reported $1 billion. 1 Both companies operated in the same industry (social media) and shared similar production stages in their photo-sharing services.