USA HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -The industrial use of steam power started with Thomas Savery in 1698. He constructed and patented in London the first engine, which he called the “Miner’s Friend” since he intended it to pump water from mines. Early versions used a soldered copper boiler which burst easily at low steam pressures.

Detailed explanation-2: -Newcomen’s and Watt’s early engines were “atmospheric". They were powered by air pressure pushing a piston into the partial vacuum generated by condensing steam, instead of the pressure of expanding steam. The engine cylinders had to be large because the only usable force acting on them was atmospheric pressure.

Detailed explanation-3: -The boom in productivity began with a few technical devices, including the spinning jenny, spinning mule, and power loom. First human, then water, and finally steam power were applied to operate power looms, carding machines, and other specialized equipment.

Detailed explanation-4: -Steam engines use hot steam from boiling water to drive a piston (or pistons) back and forth. The movement of the piston was then used to power a machine or turn a wheel. To create the steam, most steam engines heated the water by burning coal.

Detailed explanation-5: -The steam engine was originally invented and perfected to be used in mines. The introduction of the steam pump by Savery in 1698 and the Newcomen steam engine in 1712 greatly facilitated the removal of water and enabled shafts to be made deeper, enabling more coal to be extracted.