WESTWARD EXPANSION INDUSTRIALIZATION URBANIZATION 1870 1900
SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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Before about 1860, steel was an expensive product.
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Before about 1860, steel was a cheap product and mass-produced.
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Steel’s resistance to rust made it ideal for use in wire and nails.
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All large metal structures were made of wrought or cast iron before steel was mass-produced.
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Detailed explanation-1: -Before about 1860, steel was still an expensive product. The problem of mass-producing cheap steel was solved in 1855 by Henry Bessemer with the introduction of the Bessemer converter at his steelworks in Sheffield, England.
Detailed explanation-2: -The Bessemer process was the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass production of steel from molten pig iron before the development of the open hearth furnace.
Detailed explanation-3: -The Bessemer Process was the first inexpensive industrial process that allowed for the mass production of steel. Before the development of an open-mouth furnace, the process used a molten pig iron to melt iron. The real difference with this process was that air was forced through the molten iron to remove impurities.
Detailed explanation-4: -The end result was a means of mass-producing steel. The resultant volume of low-cost steel in Britain and the United States soon revolutionized building construction and provided steel to replace iron in railroad rails and many other uses.