WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Montesquieu wrote that the main purpose of government is to maintain law and order, political liberty, and the property of the individual.

Detailed explanation-2: -Enlightenment thinkers argued that liberty was a natural human right and that reason and scientific knowledge-not the state or the church-were responsible for human progress. But Enlightenment reason also provided a rationale for slavery, based on a hierarchy of races.

Detailed explanation-3: -Enlightenment thinkers favored much more democratic forms of government in which the authority to rule stemmed from those who are ruled. Some of the most famous Enlightenment thinkers, including Locke and Rousseau, were social contract theorists.

Detailed explanation-4: -Locke believed that a Social Contract exists between the government and the people. He states that governments are formed with the consent of citizens. Locke believed that powers in the government should be limited and the powers between parts of the government should be balanced.