WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -A philosophy that certain rights or values are inherent by virtue of human nature, and can be universally understood through human reason.

Detailed explanation-2: -Thinkers of the enlightenment sought through reasoning to discover the natural laws that governed the affairs of human beings & human society. They criticized the existence of absolute monarchy & the established church and proposed a reforms designed to eliminate abuses & promote individual freedom.

Detailed explanation-3: -Summary point: Enlightenment thinkers believed that the basic principles underlying human nature were constant; they also believed that the human condition was susceptible of improvement. They felt it possible to formulate clear moral absolutes or universal standards.

Detailed explanation-4: -Natural law theory is a legal theory that recognizes law and morality as deeply connected, if not one and the same. Morality relates to what is right and wrong and what is good and bad. Natural law theorists believe that human laws are defined by morality, and not by an authority figure, like a king or a government.

Detailed explanation-5: -He believed in deism, an eighteen-century religious philosophy based on reason and natural law. Deism was built on the idea of the Newtonian world machine. In the Deists’ view, a mechanic (God) had created the universe.