WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Baron de Montesquieu. Montesquieu was a French political philosopher of the Enlightenment period, whose articulation of the theory of separation of powers is implemented in many constitutions throughout the world.

Detailed explanation-2: -In The Spirit of the Laws, Montesquieu proposed a division of power within the government between the legislative, the executive and the judiciary.

Detailed explanation-3: -Rationalism, or a belief that we come to knowledge through the use of logic, and thus independently of sensory experience, was critical to the debates of the Enlightenment period, when most philosophers lauded the power of reason but insisted that knowledge comes from experience.

Detailed explanation-4: -Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) He believed that human nature was essentially corrupt. He thought that people were naturally ruled by their passions, self-interest, and a desire for power. Without laws or government authority, humans threaten each other’s rights and lives. All are equally endangered.

Detailed explanation-5: -Enlightenment thinkers favored much more democratic forms of government in which the authority to rule stemmed from those who are ruled. Some of the most famous Enlightenment thinkers, including Locke and Rousseau, were social contract theorists.