BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -The monosaccharides can be divided into groups based on the number of carbon atoms in the molecules, thus: trioses have 3-C atoms, tetroses have 4-C atoms, pentoses have 5-C atoms, and hexoses have 6-C atoms. Within each of these groups there are different compounds, each with the same molecular formula.

Detailed explanation-2: -Monosaccharides are classified according to three different characteristics: the location of their carbonyl group, the number of carbon atoms they contain, and their chiral property. If the carbonyl group is an aldehyde, the monosaccharide is an aldose. If the carbonyl group is a ketone, the monosaccharide is a ketose.

Detailed explanation-3: -Although a variety of monosaccharides are found in living organisms, three hexoses are particularly abundant: D-glucose, D-galactose, and D-fructose (Figure 14.3. 1).

Detailed explanation-4: -They are classified according to the number of carbon atoms in a monosaccharide. In particular, a hexose is a monosaccharide with six carbon atoms. Monosaccharides may also be classified based on the type of carbonyl group they contain.

Detailed explanation-5: -Allose is an aldohexose sugar. It is a rare monosaccharide that occurs as a 6-O-cinnamyl glycoside in the leaves of the African shrub Protea rubropilosa. Extracts from the fresh-water alga Ochromas malhamensis contain this sugar but of unknown absolute configuration.