BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -A three-carbon sugar is called a triose (an aldotriose or ketotriose). Sugars with four, five or six carbon atoms are termed tetroses, pentoses or hexoses respectively. The monosaccharides are water soluble but are insoluble in non-polar solvents.

Detailed explanation-2: -There are only three possible trioses (including dihydroxyacetone): L-glyceraldehyde and D-glyceraldehyde, the two enantiomers of glyceraldehyde, which are aldotrioses because the carbonyl group is at the end of the chain, and dihydroxyacetone, the only ketotriose, which is symmetrical and therefore has no enantiomers.

Detailed explanation-3: -Definition : A monosaccharide containing three carbon atoms, which is important in respiration. Only two trioses occur naturally: the aldotriose glyceraldehyde and the ketotriose dihydroxyacetone.

Detailed explanation-4: -These sugars may also be called bioses, trioses and tetroses. They are theoretically derived from two, three or four monosaccharide molecules, respectively, with the elimination of one, two or three molecules of water (Table 20.1).

Detailed explanation-5: -Glucose, fructose and galactose are the three monosaccharides important in nutrition. These single sugar molecules contain 6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms and 6 oxygen atoms (i.e. chemical formula as C6H12O6).