TROUBLESHOOTING COMPUTER ISSUES
IDENTIFYING HARDWARE SOFTWARE NETWORK PROBLEMS
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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ping
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netstat
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route
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tracert
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nslookup
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Detailed explanation-1: -Traceroute most commonly uses Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo packets with variable time to live (TTL) values. The response time of each hop is calculated.
Detailed explanation-2: -TRACERT is useful for troubleshooting large networks where several paths can lead to the same point or where many intermediate components (routers or bridges) are involved.
Detailed explanation-3: -Traceroute is implemented with ICMP messages. It works by sending ICMP echo (ICMP type ‘8’) messages to the same destination with increasing value of the time-to-live (TTL) field. The routers along the traceroute path return ICMP Time Exceeded (ICMP type ‘11’ ) when the TTL field become zero.
Detailed explanation-4: -Explanation: Traceroute uses the ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) to send and receive echo-request and echo-reply messages.
Detailed explanation-5: -Traceroute uses the TTL (Time to Live) field in the IP packet header. Normally, TTL is used to prevent packets from being forwarded forever when there is a routing loop. Whenever an IP packet is forwarded by a router, the TTL is decreased by one. When the TTL is zero, the IP packet will be discarded.