GENERAL KNOWLEDGE

Detailed explanation-1: -Barnard developed a theory of organization around the idea that it is a natural, cooperative system. Important aspects of his natural system theory include the Inducement-Contribution Theory, altering the motives of members to obtain cooperation and recognition of the need for legitimate authority.

Detailed explanation-2: -The effectiveness of an organization, according to Barnard, depends on the ability of the organization to satisfy the needs of the individuals in the organization and provide them with opportunities for cooperation. Organizational failure, thus, is caused by not providing such opportunities.

Detailed explanation-3: -Purpose of the book is to provide a comprehensive theory of cooperative behavior in formal organizations. The motivation of the book came from Barnard’s failure to find an adequate explanation of his own executive experience in classic organizations or economic theory. Stressed upon the role of environment.

Detailed explanation-4: -Barnard ( 1938 ) proposed four major concepts of organization: cooperative system and formal, complex formal, and informal organization.

Detailed explanation-5: -Barkley describes how executive functions help control human behavior, ranging from that which involves external events to mental representations of those events; control by others to control of the self; immediate reinforcement to delayed gratification; and the present to the possible future.